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Sometimes in Laravel projects, you may need to run tasks automatically at a fixed time. For example, sending daily emails or clearing old data. Laravel provides a scheduler feature for this purpose.

In this tutorial, I will show you how to set up the Laravel scheduler inside Docker. We will use Nginx, PHP, MySQL, and an extra service for running the schedule command every minute.

Step 1: Create Laravel Project

First, let’s create a new Laravel project. Run the below command:

laravel new my-app

Step 2: Create Dockerfile

Next, create a Dockerfile that will install PHP and Composer inside the container.

Dockerfile

FROM php:8.3-fpm

WORKDIR /var/www/html

RUN apt-get update & apt-get install -y \
    libzip-dev \
    unzip \
    & docker-php-ext-install zip pdo_mysql

# Install Composer
COPY --from=composer:latest /usr/bin/composer /usr/bin/composer

COPY . /var/www/html

# Install PHP dependencies
RUN composer install

RUN chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html
RUN chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html/storage /var/www/html/bootstrap/cache /var/www/html/vendor
RUN chmod -R 775 /var/www/html/storage /var/www/html/bootstrap/cache /var/www/html/vendor

EXPOSE 80

Step 3: Create NGINX Config File

Now, create an Nginx config file. This will handle the Laravel public directory and PHP requests.

.docker/apache/default.conf

server {
    listen 80;
    index index.php index.html;
    root /var/www/html/public;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        include fastcgi_params;
        fastcgi_pass web:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $realpath_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
        fastcgi_buffers 16 16k;
        fastcgi_buffer_size 32k;
    }

    location ~ /\.ht {
        deny all;
    }
}

Step 4: Create docker-compose.yml

Finally, create a docker-compose.yml file. This will set up web, nginx, db, and also a scheduler service for cron jobs.

docker-compose.yml

services:
  web:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    image: my-laravel-app
    volumes:
      - .:/var/www/html
      - /var/www/html/storage
      - /var/www/html/bootstrap/cache
      - /var/www/html/vendor
    working_dir: /var/www/html
    user: "www-data"
    depends_on:
      - db

  nginx:
    image: nginx:latest
    ports:
      - "8080:80"
    volumes:  
      - .:/var/www/html
      - ./.docker/nginx/default.conf:/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
    depends_on:
      - web

  scheduler:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    image: my-laravel-app
    volumes:
      - .:/var/www/html
    working_dir: /var/www/html
    command: ["sh", "-c", "while [ true ]; do php artisan schedule:run --verbose --no-interaction; sleep 60; done"]
    depends_on:
      - db
  
  db:
    image: mysql:8.0
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root
      MYSQL_DATABASE: laravel
      MYSQL_USER: laravel
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: secret
    ports:
      - "3307:3306"
    volumes:
      - dbdata:/var/lib/mysql

volumes:
  dbdata:

Run Laravel App:

All the required steps have been done, now you have to type the given below command and hit enter to run the Laravel app:

php artisan serve

Now, Go to your web browser, type the given URL and view the app output:

http://localhost:8080

Now you can use.