Laravel 11 Event Broadcasting Tutorial

In this post, I will show you how to use real-time event broadcasting using reverb in laravel 11 application.

What is Event Broadcasting?

Event Broadcasting in Laravel allows real-time updates by sending server events to the client. It lets you share data between the server and users through channels. When something happens on the server (like a new message), it sends this update to the user's browser instantly.

Here is what we will do in this example:

1. Create authentication (auth) scaffolding using Laravel UI.

2. Set up two types of users: a super admin and a normal user. We will identify them using an "is_admin" column in the users table.

3. Create a posts table with columns for the title and body.

4. Allow users to create posts with title and body.

5. Once a post is created, the admin will get a realtime notification using Reverb. we will create PostCreate Event for send realtime notification.

Step for Laravel 11 Real-time Event Broadcasting using Reverb Example

• Step 1: Install Laravel 11
• Step 2: Create Auth using Scaffold
• Step 3: Create Migrations
• Step 4: Create and Update Models
• Step 5: Setup Reverb & Echo Server
• Step 6: Create PostCreate Event
• Step 7: Create Routes
• Step 8: Create Controller
• Step 9: Create and Update Blade Files
• Step 10: Create Admin User
• Run Laravel App

Step 1: Install Laravel 11

This step is not required; however, if you have not created the Laravel app, then you may go ahead and execute the below command:

composer create-project laravel/laravel example-app

Step 2: Create Auth using Scaffold

Now, in this step, we will create an auth scaffold command to generate login, register, and dashboard functionalities. So, run the following commands:

Laravel 11 UI Package:

composer require laravel/ui 

Generate Auth:

php artisan ui bootstrap --auth 

npm install

npm run build

Step 3: Create Migrations

Here, we will create posts and add is_admin column to users table. so, let's run the following command:

php artisan make:migration add_is_admin_column_table

php artisan make:migration create_posts_table

now, let's update the following migrations:

database/migrations/2024_06_18_140624_add_is_admin_column.php

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

return new class extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     */
    public function up(): void
    {
        Schema::table('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->tinyInteger('is_admin')->default(0);
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     */
    public function down(): void
    {
        //
    }
};

database/migrations/2024_06_18_140906_create_posts_table.php

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;

return new class extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     */
    public function up(): void
    {
        Schema::create('posts', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->id();
            $table->foreignId('user_id')->constrained()->onDelete('cascade');
            $table->string('title');
            $table->text('body');
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     */
    public function down(): void
    {
        Schema::dropIfExists('posts');
    }
};

now, Let's run the migration command:

php artisan migrate

Step 4: Create and Update Models

Here, we will create Post model using the following command. we also need to update User model here. we will write relationship and some model function for like and dislike.

php artisan make:model Post

now, update the model file with hasMany() relationship:

app/Models/Post.php

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Post extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;

    protected $fillable = ['title', 'body', 'user_id'];

    /**
     * Write code on Method
     *
     * @return response()
     */
    public function user()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
    }
}

app/Models/User.php

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    use HasFactory, Notifiable;

    /**
     * The attributes that are mass assignable.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $fillable = [
        'name',
        'email',
        'password',
        'is_admin'
    ];

    /**
     * The attributes that should be hidden for serialization.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $hidden = [
        'password',
        'remember_token',
    ];

    /**
     * Get the attributes that should be cast.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    protected function casts(): array
    {
        return [
            'email_verified_at' => 'datetime',
            'password' => 'hashed',
        ];
    }
}

Step 5: Setup Reverb & Echo Server

Now, we need to configure laravel broadcast and Reverb as driver.

So, first by default laravel has not enabled broadcasting, so you need to run the following command to enable it.

php artisan install:broadcasting

laravel will ask to install Reverb and you need to select "Yes". then it will automatically installed it.

You need to run the following commands to install Reverb. it's option if you already selected yes then.

composer require laravel/reverb

php artisan reverb:install

Now, we will install laravel echo server, so, let's run the below commands:

npm install --save-dev laravel-echo

now, you will see some code on the echo.js file, where you can made a changes:

resources/js/echo.js

import Echo from 'laravel-echo';

import Pusher from 'pusher-js';
window.Pusher = Pusher;

window.Echo = new Echo({
    broadcaster: 'reverb',
    key: import.meta.env.VITE_REVERB_APP_KEY,
    wsHost: import.meta.env.VITE_REVERB_HOST,
    wsPort: import.meta.env.VITE_REVERB_PORT ?? 80,
    wssPort: import.meta.env.VITE_REVERB_PORT ?? 443,
    forceTLS: (import.meta.env.VITE_REVERB_SCHEME ?? 'https') === 'https',
    enabledTransports: ['ws', 'wss'],
});

Then, set the BROADCAST_CONNECTION environment variable to Reverb in your application's .env file, also we will add Reverb env variables:

.env

BROADCAST_CONNECTION=reverb

REVERB_APP_ID=256980
REVERB_APP_KEY=f4l2tmwqf6eg0f6jz0mw
REVERB_APP_SECRET=zioqeto9xrytlnlg7sj6
REVERB_HOST="localhost"
REVERB_PORT=8080
REVERB_SCHEME=http

VITE_REVERB_APP_KEY="${REVERB_APP_KEY}"
VITE_REVERB_HOST="${REVERB_HOST}"
VITE_REVERB_PORT="${REVERB_PORT}"
VITE_REVERB_SCHEME="${REVERB_SCHEME}"

Now again build your JS:

npm run build

Step 6: Create PostCreate Event

In this step, we need to create "Event" by using the Laravel artisan command, so let's run the command below. We will create the PostCreate event class.

next, run the following command to create event class.

php artisan make:event PostCreate

Now you can see a new folder created as "Events" in the app folder. You need to make the following changes as shown in the class below.

app/Events/PostCreate.php

<?php

namespace App\Events;

use Illuminate\Broadcasting\Channel;
use Illuminate\Broadcasting\InteractsWithSockets;
use Illuminate\Broadcasting\PresenceChannel;
use Illuminate\Broadcasting\PrivateChannel;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Broadcasting\ShouldBroadcast;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Events\Dispatchable;
use Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Broadcasting\ShouldBroadcastNow;

class PostCreate implements ShouldBroadcastNow
{
    use Dispatchable, InteractsWithSockets, SerializesModels;

     public $post;

    /**
     * Create a new event instance.
     */
    public function __construct($post)
    {
        $this->post = $post;
    }

    /**
     * Write code on Method
     *
     * @return response()
     */
    public function broadcastOn()
    {
        return new Channel('posts');
    }

    /**
     * Write code on Method
     *
     * @return response()
     */
    public function broadcastAs()
    {
        return 'create';
    }

    /**
     * Get the data to broadcast.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function broadcastWith(): array
    {
        return [
            'message' => "[{$this->post->created_at}] New Post Received with title '{$this->post->title}'."
        ];
    }
}

Step 7: Create Routes

In this step, we need to create some routes for realtime notification. So open your "routes/web.php" file and add the following route.

routes/web.php

<?php

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Route;

use App\Http\Controllers\PostController;

Route::get('/', function () {
    return view('welcome');
});

Auth::routes();

Route::get('/home', [App\Http\Controllers\HomeController::class, 'index'])->name('home');

Route::get('/posts', [PostController::class, 'index'])->name('posts.index');
Route::post('/posts', [PostController::class, 'store'])->name('posts.store');

Step 8: Create Controller

Here, we require the creation of a new controller, PostController, with an index method to send a notification route. So let's put the code below.

app/Http/Controllers/PostController.php

<?php

namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Models\Post;
use App\Events\PostCreate;

class PostController extends Controller
{
    /**
     * Write code on Method
     *
     * @return response()
     */
    public function index(Request $request)
    {
        $posts = Post::get();

        return view('posts', compact('posts'));
    }

    /**
     * Write code on Method
     *
     * @return response()
     */
    public function store(Request $request)
    {
        $request->validate([
             'title' => 'required',
             'body' => 'required'
        ]);
   
        $post = Post::create([
            'user_id' => auth()->id(),
            'title' => $request->title,
            'body' => $request->body
        ]);

        event(new PostCreate($post));
   
        return back()->with('success','Post created successfully.');
    }
}

Step 9: Create and Update Blade Files

In this step, we will update app.blade.php file and create posts.blade file. so, let's update it.

resources/views/layouts/app.blade.php

<!doctype html>
<html lang="{{ str_replace('_', '-', app()->getLocale()) }}">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

    <!-- CSRF Token -->
    <meta name="csrf-token" content="{{ csrf_token() }}">

    <title>{{ config('app.name', 'Laravel') }}</title>

    <!-- Fonts -->
    <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//fonts.bunny.net">
    <link href="https://fonts.bunny.net/css?family=Nunito" rel="stylesheet">

    <!-- Scripts -->
    @vite(['resources/sass/app.scss', 'resources/js/app.js'])
    
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.5.1/css/all.min.css" />
    @yield('script')
</head>
<body>
    <div id="app">
        <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-md navbar-light bg-white shadow-sm">
            <div class="container">
                <a class="navbar-brand" href="{{ url('/') }}">
                    Laravel Send Realtime Notification using Reverb
                </a>
                <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="{{ __('Toggle navigation') }}">
                    <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
                </button>

                <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent">
                    <!-- Left Side Of Navbar -->
                    <ul class="navbar-nav me-auto">

                    </ul>

                    <!-- Right Side Of Navbar -->
                    <ul class="navbar-nav ms-auto">
                        <!-- Authentication Links -->
                        @guest
                            @if (Route::has('login'))
                                <li class="nav-item">
                                    <a class="nav-link" href="{{ route('login') }}">{{ __('Login') }}</a>
                                </li>
                            @endif

                            @if (Route::has('register'))
                                <li class="nav-item">
                                    <a class="nav-link" href="{{ route('register') }}">{{ __('Register') }}</a>
                                </li>
                            @endif
                        @else
                            <li class="nav-item">
                                <a class="nav-link" href="{{ route('posts.index') }}">{{ __('Posts') }}</a>
                            </li>
                            <li class="nav-item dropdown">
                                <a id="navbarDropdown" class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" role="button" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" v-pre>
                                    {{ Auth::user()->name }}
                                </a>

                                <div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-end" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdown">
                                    <a class="dropdown-item" href="{{ route('logout') }}"
                                       onclick="event.preventDefault();
                                                     document.getElementById('logout-form').submit();">
                                        {{ __('Logout') }}
                                    </a>

                                    <form id="logout-form" action="{{ route('logout') }}" method="POST" class="d-none">
                                        @csrf
                                    </form>
                                </div>
                            </li>
                        @endguest
                    </ul>
                </div>
            </div>
        </nav>

        <main class="py-4">
            @yield('content')
        </main>
    </div>
</body>

</html>

resources/views/posts.blade.php

@extends('layouts.app')

@section('content')
<div class="container">
    <div class="row justify-content-center">
        <div class="col-md-12">
            <div class="card">
                <div class="card-header"><i class="fa fa-list"></i> {{ __('Posts List') }}</div>

                <div class="card-body">
                    @session('success')
                        <div class="alert alert-success" role="alert"> 
                            {{ $value }}
                        </div>
                    @endsession

                    <div id="notification">
                        
                    </div>
                    
                    @if(!auth()->user()->is_admin)
                    <p><strong>Create New Post</strong></p>
                    <form method="post" action="{{ route('posts.store') }}" enctype="multipart/form-data">
                        @csrf
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label>Title:</label>
                            <input type="text" name="title" class="form-control" />
                            @error('title')
                                <div class="text-danger">{{ $message }}</div>
                            @enderror
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group">
                            <label>Body:</label>
                            <textarea class="form-control" name="body"></textarea>
                            @error('body')
                                <div class="text-danger">{{ $message }}</div>
                            @enderror
                        </div>
                        <div class="form-group mt-2">
                            <button type="submit" class="btn btn-success btn-block"><i class="fa fa-save"></i> Submit</button>
                        </div>
                    </form>
                    @endif

                    <p class="mt-4"><strong>Post List:</strong></p>
                    <table class="table table-bordered data-table">
                        <thead>
                            <tr>
                                <th width="70px">ID</th>
                                <th>Title</th>
                                <th>Body</th>
                            </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody>
                            @forelse($posts as $post)
                                <tr>
                                    <td>{{ $post->id }}</td>
                                    <td>{{ $post->title }}</td>
                                    <td>{{ $post->body }}</td>
                                </tr>
                            @empty
                                <tr>
                                    <td colspan="5">There are no posts.</td>
                                </tr>
                            @endforelse
                        </tbody>
                    </table>

                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
@endsection

@section('script')
@if(auth()->user()->is_admin)
    <script type="module">
            window.Echo.channel('posts')
                .listen('.create', (data) => {
                    console.log('Order status updated: ', data);
                    var d1 = document.getElementById('notification');
                    d1.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', '<div class="alert alert-success alert-dismissible fade show"><span><i class="fa fa-circle-check"></i>  '+data.message+'</span></div>');
                });
    </script>
@endif
@endsection

Step 10: Create Admin User

In this step, we need to run the command to create the seeder to create admin user.

Let's run the migration command:

php artisan make:seeder CreateAdminUser

noww, we need to update CreateAdminUser seeder.

database/seeders/CreateAdminUser.php

<?php

namespace Database\Seeders;

use Illuminate\Database\Console\Seeds\WithoutModelEvents;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;
use App\Models\User;

class CreateAdminUser extends Seeder
{
    /**
     * Run the database seeds.
     */
    public function run(): void
    {
        User::create([
            'name' => 'Admin',
            'email' => 'admin@gmail.com',
            'password' => bcrypt('123456'),
            'is_admin' => 1
        ]);
    }
}

now, the run seeder using the following command:

php artisan db:seed --class=CreateAdminUser

Run Laravel App:

All the required steps have been done, now you have to type the given below command and hit enter to run the Laravel app:

php artisan serve

We also need to start reverb server. so let's run the following command:

php artisan reverb:start

Now, Go to your web browser, type the given URL and view the app output:

http://localhost:8000/

Now, you have one admin user and you can register new normal user from registration form.

You can create post and Admin user will get the notification.

I hope it can help you...